Circulation

Circulation

\[ M - C \begin{cases} L \\ MP \end{cases} {\dots P \dots} C'(C + c) - M' \]

Circulation

\[ M \overbrace{-}^{\small \text{Circulation}} C \begin{cases} L \\ MP \end{cases} {\dots P \dots} C'(C + c) \overbrace{-}^{\small \text{Circulation}} M' \]
  • Pure circulation
    • Bookkeeping
    • Working the cash register
  • Pseudo-productive circulation
    • Advertising
    • Storage
    • Security
    • Transportation

Circulation

Few jobs are defined by a single kind of process.

Coffee shop barista:

  • Brews coffee - Production
  • Recommends drinks and pastries - Pseudo-productive circulation
  • Resupplies the stand - Pseudo-productive circulation
  • Cashes in - Pure circulation

Circulation

Recent technological developments primarily made circulation more efficient.

Circulation

Recent technological developments primarily made circulation more efficient.

Circulation

Recent technological developments primarily made circulation more efficient.

Circulation

Recent technological developments primarily made circulation more efficient.

Circulation

The world is becoming flat.

  • No more new markets.
  • A more competitive world market.
  • Timidly renewed workers' movements.
  • Sclerotic fixed capital in the western industrialized world.

Circulation

Blockchain and AI as new frontiers.

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